There are four main species of peony flowers. The tree peony is a native species found within China, extending to Southern Europe and California. The peony flower functions as an artistic cultural symbol. The peony plant was cultivated by imperials and royalty in the 6th and 7th centuries. This cultivation further connects its symbology with economic rank and status. The tree peony "male vermillion flower" coresponds with the term "king of flowers". 

Enamel was a practice originating from France, and was introduced to Guangdong, China during the 16th century. Enamel was prized by the early Qing dynasty Emperors.

牡丹花主要分為四種，是在中國發現的本地物種，並擴展到南歐和美國加州。牡丹花具有藝術文化的代表性，在六、七世紀開始便由皇室貴族栽培種植，使其象徵意義與經濟等級和地位聯繫起來。因此，牡丹亦被譽為「花中之王」。

琺瑯工藝起源於法國，並於16世紀時傳入中國廣東，被清初皇帝所珍視。